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Moser a.s. is a luxury glass manufacturer based in Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic, previously Karlsbad in Bohemia, Austria-Hungary. The company is known for manufacturing stemware, decorative glassware (such as vases, ashtray, candlestick), glass gifts and various art engravings. Moser is one of the most collected of 20th century decorative glass〔McConnell (2006), pps. 14–15〕 and has been used everywhere from palaces to local restaurants.〔 From its beginnings in 1857, as a polishing and engraving workshop, it developed into a lead-free glass manufacturer lasting through the 20th century until the present. ==History== The original company of Ludwig Moser & Söhne, founded in 1857 by Ludwig Moser in Karlovy Vary, was a glass workshop initially polishing and engraving,〔Arwas (1996) p. 50〕 later designing and making colourless and decorated art glass products.〔McConnell (2006), pps. 54–55〕 Engraving blanks, from Loetz, Meyr's Neffe and Harrachov was performed by the workshop in the early years. At the Vienna International Exhibition of 1873 he was awarded a medal.〔 Ludwig took over a glass factory in Meierhofen bei Karlsbad in 1893 to create a full service glassworks employing 400 people under the name of Karlsbaderglasindustrie Gesellschaft Ludwig Moser & Söhne where his sons Gustav and Rudolf also worked.〔 In 1904 Moser received a warrant to supply the Imperial Court of the Emperor of Austria and four years later became supplier to Edward VII. In 1915 the company exhibited at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition and was again awarded a medal, which Louis Comfort Tiffany and Charles Tuthill thought well deserved due to the outstanding quality of the hot glass applied decorations on coloured Bohemian glass.〔Crofford (2001), p. 170〕 Art Nouveau glass pieces were produced Moser with surface decoration with natural themes and simple cameo glass. They also used the ''Eckentiefgravur'' technique employing a sharp angular body deeply cut in the form of intaglio flowers.〔 Following the death of his father in 1916, Leo Moser took over the direction and the company expanded significantly resulting in their recognition by a Grand Prize award at the Paris International Exhibition of Decorative Art in 1925. They also exhibited in London, Belgium, Italy and Vienna.〔Luther (2002), p. 124〕 The depression of the early 1930s exacted its toll, reducing its staff to 240, eventually Leo resigned from the company in 1932. Later, having sold their company shares in the company in 1938, they fled the county after areas of Czechoslovakia were annexed. The city of Karlovy Vary was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1938 after the Munich Agreement and the family fled the country during this anti-Semitic period. Because of its international reputation, the company was able to retain some independence during the communist era while the rest of the Czech glass industry was nationalised in 1948.〔〔McConnell (2006), p. 59〕 The Art Nouveau designs of heavily engraved lilies and the ''Fipop'' series from c1914 were some of the most notable pieces. Several cheaper lower quality derivatives of the ''Fipop'' designs were produced by other companies and between 1927 and 1933 two American glassmakers made copies calling them ''Woodland'' and ''Deerwood''.〔 Moser was one of the few Czechoslovakian glassmakers to sign their pieces.〔McConnell (2006), p. 32〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Moser (glass company)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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